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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">fistxiv-engineering</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>FistXiv: Engineering</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Technology Fist</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">fistxiv-engineering-pap-001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>From Buildings to Grid: Quantum Digital Twins for Feasible Energy Trading</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<name>
<surname>Ullah</surname>
<given-names>Zahid</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
<email>zahid.ullah@polimi.it</email>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1">Politecnico di Milano</aff>
</contrib-group>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year>
</date>
</history>
<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
<day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© 2026 The Authors. Published by Technology Fist.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<license-p>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY)</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>Decentralised energy trading in large-scale power systems is essential for enhancing operational flexibility, resilience, and renewable integration; however, effective coordination of building-level prosumers is hindered by demand–supply uncertainty, network constraints, and the computational complexity of system-wide optimisation. This paper presents a Quantum-AI Digital Twin (QADT) framework that enables scalable, physics-consistent coordination between buildings and electricity markets by embedding high-fidelity digital replicas into the transaction decision layer. The framework integrates data-driven building energy models, probabilistic flexibility forecasting, and decentralised transaction scheduling within a quantum-ready optimisation architecture. It is validated on the IEEE 300-bus system augmented with aggregated building clusters, distributed PV generation, battery storage, and flexible demand resources. Operating in a closed-loop manner, the QADT evaluates energy transactions against power-flow constraints, voltage limits, and building operational requirements prior to execution, ensuring physical feasibility.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<notes notes-type="data-availability">
<title>Data availability</title>
<p>Data Available on request</p>
</notes>
</back>
</article>
